Capsule machine



E. A. RAVENSCROFT ETAL CAPSULE MACHINE Filed June 10, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet l l@ 30. )33 l/MZ I 1.5/ /47 C) ne s O 0 65 G e es M5 200 March l0, 1942. E. A. RAvENscROFT ErAL 2,275,654

CAPSULE MACHINE Filed June l0, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 zar fas 193 ,32 /94 fsf/87 ,90

March 10, 1942. E, A. RAvENscRoF-r ET AL 2,275,554

CAPSULE MACHINE Filed June l0, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 ./46 M4 l o o fr FFF 57 vMurrh 10, 1942- v E. A. RAvENscRoFT Erm. 2,275,654

CAPSULE MACHINE Filed June lO, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 March l0,` 1942. E. A. RAvENscRor-T ETAL 2,275,654

CAPSULE MACHINE ,Filed June 10, 1940 7 sheets-sheet 5 March 10, 1942. E. A. RAvENscRoFT ET AL 2,275,654

CAPSULE MACHINE '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed June lO, 1940 plm-@mlm March 1U, 1942. E. A. RAvl-:NscRor-T ET AL CAPSULE MACHINE Psfented' Mar. 1o, 1942 CAPSULE MACHINE Edward A. Ravenscroi't, Glencoe, and George H. Tamml, Waukegan, Ill., asslgnors to Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Application June 10, 1940,y Serial No. 339,630

12 Claims.

Our invention relates, generally, to capsule making machines, and it has particular relation to a machine and method for manufacturing liquid-filled capsules of the soft casing type.

Vast quantities of liquid-filled soft gelatine capsules are used annually in the pharmaceutical and drug industries for dispensing various types of liquid medicaments, and the provision of suitable machinery for making these capsules cn a quantity production basis has been a long standing problem. Our present invention constitutes a material advance in respect to certain important features over the prior art machines for manufacturing capsules of this type.

'I'he object of our invention, generally stated, is to provide for making liquid-filled capsules of the soft casing type in -a novel manner which, more particularly comprises holding a pair of sheets of capsule casing material, such as gelatine, in spaced apart relationship over the opposed open faces of a filling aperture or hole in a die-plate to form a sealed filling space therebetween, injecting capsule filling material into the lling space, and simultaneously cutting out and sealing together the portions of the sheets covering the opposed open faces to form a capsuie.,

Another object of our invention is to provide a capsule making machine for making capsules of the above type having a materially improved and simplified capsule forming arrangement.

Other objects of our invention Will, in part, he obvious and will in part appear hereinafter.

For a more complete understanding of the nature and scope of our invention reference may be had to the following detailed description of one preferred embodiment thereof taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference characters designate like parts, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of a capsule making machine embodying the features of our invention;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary right end elevational view of the capsule making machine shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged front elevational view of the capsule forming mechanism of the capsule making machine shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the capsule forming elements of the capsule making mechanism of Fig. 3 in operative relationship;

Fig. 5 is a rear perspective view of a die plate which is one of the capsule forming elements shown in Fig. 4;

Figs. 6 through 12 are vertical sectional views illustrating the different stages or steps in the formation of capsules in the capsule forming unit shown in Fig. 4;

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary plan view taken on line l3-I3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 14 is a stripped view taken on line i4-lil of Fig. 2 showing part of the driving mechanism of the capsule making machine;

Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the driving mechanism and gear `train arrangement for the capsule making mechanism shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 16 is an'end elevational view of the driving mechanism and gear train arrangement of Fig. 15; and, k

Fig. 17 is a fragmentary side elevational View, partly in section, taken on line Il-Il of Fig. 16.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, it will be seen that our improved capsule making machine 20 includes'a base 2| having two spaced apart frame members 22 mounted thereon. The frame members 22 comprise upright sections 23 with integral cross sections 24. The comers on the frame members 22 are connected by cross members 28 (Fig. 2). A jacketed gelatine supply tank 25 is supported on the cross members 2t, and during the operation of the machine, liquid gelatine flows from this tank through pipes 21 provided with jacketed valves 3i) on the lower outlet ends thereof into a pair of jacketed hoppers 25, which constitute a part of the sheet forming apparatus. The gelatine then ows from each of the hoppers 26 through an elongated slot (not shown) onto one of a pair of smooth, cylindrically surfaced, sheet forming wheels 3I,which are driven in opposite directions, as indicated by the arrows a and b (Fig. 1).

The gelatine spreads out into sheet form on each of the wheels 3l to form a pair of gelatine sheets A, each of which is stripped from the wheel 3| on which it is formed by a pair of felt covered take-off rolls 32. Each pair of take-01T rolls 32 is mounted on a frame member 33, upon which the capsule forming mechanism 34 is also mounted. The peripheral speed of the takeoff rolls 32 is maintained substantially equal to the peripheral speed ofthe sheet forming wheels 3i. Each of the sheets A passes from the takeoi rolls 32.through two sets of feed rolls 35, which serve to feed the sheets A into I,the capsule making mechanism 34. Under cert/ain circumstances it may be desirable to heat the gelatine sheets A before they pass into the capsule making unit 34, and as will appear hereinafter, electrical heating apparatus is embodied into at least some of the feed rolls 35.

'I'he capsules are filled with liquid or plastic medicament from a'n injection pump 31 connected with a jacketed medicament heating tank t 40 supported from the rear from member 22.

The injection pump 31 injects the medicament into the capsule forming unit 34 'through suitable pipes or tubing 4|.

The finished capsules 42 are ejected from the capsule making unit 34 into a container 43 through a delivery spout 44, while the gelatine scrap or net A' --is discharged into a receptacle 45 by a pair of discharge rolls 46. The gelatine scrap is processed to reclaim the gelatine therefrom. lThe feed rolls 35 and the discharge rolls 46 are driven together at a somewhat faster speed than the wheels 3| and the take-oil.' rolls 32 for purposes appearing below.

Capsule forming mechanism The constructional features of the capsule making mechanism 34 are shown particularly in Figs. 3 and 4. The capsule forming unit 34 includes a die=plate 50 having an integral mounting bracket 5| formed on the rear thereof, by which it is mounted (broken outline Fig. 3) on a frame member 52. A pair of castings 53 and 54, which are mounted on the frame member 33 on opposite sides of the die plate 50, serve to carry the moving parts of the capsule forming unit 34. Both of the castings 53 and 54 have three bearing housings 55 and 56, respectively, formed integrally on the front thereof. The bearing housings 55 and 56 serve to journal the drive shafts for the capsule forming unit 34.

A guide housing 51 extends integrally from the casting 53, and a similar guide housing 58 extends integrally from the casting 54. The guide housings 51 and 58 are provided with rectangularly shaped guideways which extend therethrough from right to left and in which the moving parts of the capsule forming unit 34 are slidably supported.

The capsule forming means include a machined block 60 which is adapted to slide back and forth in the guideway in the lefthand guide housing 51. This block 50 serves as the support for three cylindrical, capsule forming and cutting members 52 which, in the structure illustrated in the drawings, are press fitted into three spaced symmetrically located holes drilled into the front of the block 60 in alignment with three capsule forming apertures or openings 6| provided in the die-plate 50 (Fig. 4)

A blunt drilling or cutting head 63 is machined 'on the front end of each capsule forming member 62. The cutting heads 63 each protrude an equal distance from the front of the block 60. And, they are made somewhat smaller than the apertures 6| in the die plate 50 so that annular spaces are left therebetween when tbe cutting heads 63 are moved into the apertures 6|.

Each of the capsule forming members 62 is drilled out to receive an ejector pin 64 therein. In the operation of the capsule forming unit 34, the ejector pins 54 are stationary, and the capsule forming members 62 and their support block 60 slide relative thereto. Accordingly, in order to maintain the ejector pins 64 stationary, pins 55 are screwed in the tops thereof, which extend vertically into retaining holes 66 (Fig. 3)

8i will not interfere with the backward and forward movement of these parts.

The capsule forming elements housed in the guide housing 58 of the right hand casting 54 include a machined support block 12 also having three holes symmetrically located in the front thereof which align with the capsule forming apertures 6| in the die-plate 50 and into which capsule forming members 13 are force pressed. A blunt cutting or shearing head 14, similar to the heads 63 on the capsule forming members 62, is machined on the front endof each of the capsule forming members 13. The cutting heads slots 11 in the forming members 13, and a set of registering slots 18 formed in the block 12, on into holes in an ejector pin driving plate 0|. The plate 8| is machined so as to be slidable within the guideway of the guide housing 58 and on top of the block 12.

The outer ends of the guide housings 51 and 56 to the front of the machine 20 are closed by cover plates 61 and 68, respectively, as shown in Fig. 1. And the left side of the guide housing 51 is closed by a plate 41, while the right side of the guide housing 58 is closed by a plate 45 (Fig. 3).

In order to provide for moving the machined block 60 back and forth in the guide housing 51 and thereby carry the cutting heads 63 into and out of the apertures 6| in the die-plate 50, a pin is provided in the rear thereof which extends through a hole 9| provided in the plate 41 held by screws on the left side of the guide housing 51. A cam engaging head 92 is provided on a bolt 93 screwed into the outer end of the pin 90, and which is adapted to engage a cam 94 carried on a shaft 95, journaled in the vertically aligned bearing housings 55. In order to bias the block 60 in its retracted position, and to hold the cam engaging head 92 against the cam 94, a coil spring 96 is provided around the pin 90. 'I'he coil spring 96 is retained in compression between the plate 41 and a cup-shaped washer 91 on the outer end of the pin S0, as shown. f

Likewise, in order to provide for sliding the block 12 back and forth in the guide housing 58 to carry the cutting heads 15 into and out of theapertures 6| in the die plate 50 a pin |00 is provided on the rear thereof which extends through a hole 99 provided in the plate 48 screwed to the right side of the guide housing 58, as shown. A cam engaging head |0| is carried on a bolt |02 screwed into the outer end of the `pin |00. 'I'he cam engaging head |0| bears or rides against a cam' |03 carried on a shaft |04, suitably joumaled in the pair of vertically aligned bearing housings 56. The block 12 is biased in its rearward position, and the cam engaging head |0| is held against the cam |03 in following relationship therewith by a coil spring |05 provided on the pin |00. The coil spring |05 is retained in compression between 2,275,654 v j j front thereof. This action causes the filling liqthe plate 48 and a washer |06 provided on the outer end of the pin |00.

In order to operate the ejector pin driving plate 8| and to thereby move the ejector pins 15 into and out of the apertures 6|. it isprovided with a rear extension |01 which passes Vthrough an opening in the plate 48, as shown.

A cam engaging head is provided on the end of a bolt fastened to an upturned section |-|2 of the extension |01, as shown. The cam engaging head |I0 is biased against a driving cam ||3 by a coil spring ||4 fastened between a pin and the casting 54.

Each of the cam shafts 95 and |04 is provided with a spirall'y toothed gear ||6 on the lower ends thereof, which mesh in driving relationship with worms] I1 lprovided on the ends of a drive shaft ||8. The drive shaft ||8 carries a bevel gear |20 which meshes with another bevel gear |2| by which it is driven. The manner in which the bevel gear |2| is driven will appear hereinafter. On rotation of the shafts 95 and |04, the cams 94, |03, and H3 drive the blocks 60 and 12, and the platei, so as to form cap- V sules as described below in connection with Figs 6 through 12. The design of the cams 94, |03, and H3, so that the operations of the capsule forming mechanism 34 will be carried out in proper sequence, as outlined below, is a matter of design and does not form a part of the present invention.

In order to provide for the injection of capsuie filling liquid or medicament into the apertures 6|, small passageways 82 (Fig. 5) are provided in the die-plate 50 communicating therewith. These small passageways 82 open into the rear of the mounting member 5| as shown. The supply lines 4| from the injection pump 31 are suitably connected to these passageways 82, as indicated in broken lines in Fig. 3. The medicament injection system will be described hereinafter.

In order to prevent air from being entrapped in the apertures or holes 6|, and thereby prevent the complete filling thereof with medicament, vents 83 are provided in the die-plate 50 at the top of each hole 6|. These vents 83 are closed by a set of vent valves 84 (Fig. 17).

Capsule formation Capsules are formed in the capsule forming `and over the openings 6| and to thereby form a fluid-tight seal therewith. This stage of operation is indicated in Fig. 7. 'I'he filling liquid is now injepted into the holes 6| between the gelatine sheets A with the vents 83 open, as indicated in Fig. 7. After the apertures 6| are completely filled with medicament between the gelatine sheets A, the vents 83 are closed by the vent valves 84, as shown in Fig. 8.

In the next stage of operation, the cutting heads 63 and 14 are moved into the holes 6| and indent and stretch the gelatine sheets A in uid."retained under pressure, to be forced into the central part of the holes .6| and thereby bulge out the center portions of the capsule sheets A lying within the open ends of the cutting heads 63 and 14. This particular stage of operation oi' the capsule forming unit 36 is indicated in Fig. 9. The forming members 62 and 13 are further advanced toward each other until the cutting heads 63 and 14 abut within the apertures 6|, thereby simultaneously cutting out and sealing together the opposing portions of the gelatine sheets A to form the capsules 42. Thisstage of operation is indicated in Fig. 10.

Intermediate between the stages shown in Figs. 9 and 10, the gelatine sheets A are iirst brought together between the cutting heads 63 and 14, and the iinal movement of the cutting heads 63 and 14 together serves to 4simultaneously cut and seal the resulting edges of the capsules 42. The sealing together of the edges of the gelatine sheets A on the simultaneous pressing together and cutting thereof is well understood. Since the annular clearance between the outside of the cutting heads 63 and `14 and the inside of the apertures 6| is relatively small or narrow, the

\ bulk of the gelatine mass included between the opposite cutting heads 63 and 14 is forced inwardly towards the center of the openings 6| when these heads come together, as shown in Fig. 10. 'I'his tends to thicken the capsule casing at the sealing edge, as indicated (exaggerated) at in Fig. l0, and thereby makes a strong seal between the two halves of the capsule casing, while the gelatine sheets A are joined together in relatively thin sections `around the periphery of the holes 6|, as indicated at 86 in Fig. 10. Since the peripheral joined sections 86 are relatively thin they may be easily broken. A few strings or threads of gelatine may be held between the abutting cutting heads 63 and'14.

The next stage of operation is shown in Fig. 11, wherein the forming members'62 are partially withdrawn from the openings 6| and the opposing forming members 13 have been still further advanced to the opposite sides of the openings 6|. The forming members 62 and 13 have been separated in this position so as to leave a space 81 between the cutting heads 63 and 14. The capsules 42 bulge out into this space 01 so as to assume a shape somewhat as indicated in Fig. 11. During this outward movement of the capsules 42 from the holes 6 i, any thread or strings between the gelatine sheets A and the capsule 42 are sheared away to leave the capsules free therefrom.

The final stage of operation of the capsule forming unit 34 is shown in Fig. 12 of the drawings. The left hand forming members 62 have been backed off to their fully retracted position so as to withdraw the left hand cutting heads 63 behind the outer ends of the cooperating ejector pins 64 and thereby eject the capsules 42 therefrom. The right hand ejector pins 15 have been advanced within and relative to the right hand forming members 13, as shown (Fig. l2), so as to likewise eject the capsules 42 therefrom. The capsules 42 are now free to drop from the capsule forming unit 34 and run oi into the container 43 through the spouts 44 (Fig. l).

'I'he cycle of operation in the formation of the capsules 42 is completed by withdrawing the right hand forming members 13 together with the ejector pins 15 to their retracted position, as shown in Fig. 6.

After the forming members 62 and 13 have been thus withdrawn, the gelatine sheets A are pulled down over the opposite sides of the dieplate 50` to provide whole gelatine sheet sections over the holes 6|, out of which another set of capsules 42 may be likewise formed. The edges of thecut out portions which have been sealed together at 36 are pulled apart when the gelatine of prior art capsule making machines whereinV the filling liquid is introduced into a relatively large area between two sheets of gelatine and later localized into die pockets or moulds. And, this liquid filling confinement feature forms an important feature of our invention, especially in cases where expensive filling liquids are used and the cost thereof is one of the big factors in cost of capsule production.

Heat system At present, gelatine appears to be the most satisfactory material for forming the soft capsule casing, although any other material found suitable for this purpose could be used. It has been found that best operation is attained when the temperature of the gelatine is maintained within certain fairly close limits. Accordingly, in order to maintain the gelatine at the proper temperature within the supply tank 25, this tank is provided with a jacket |22 through which hot water may be circulated from a hot water tank |23 (see Figure l). The water within the tank |23 may be heated by an electrical heater |24 controlled by a thermostat |25. In order to circulate the hot water through the heating system, a centrifugal pump |23 is provided, the intake of which is connected with the bottom of the hot water tank |23 through a pipe line |21, while the discharge of the pump |26 is connected to the bottom of the jacket |22 through a pipe line |30. The hot Water may be returned to the tank |23 from the top of the jacket |22 through a pipe line |3|, connected therebetween.` The arrows applied to the pipe lines |21, |30 and |3| indicate the direction of ow therethrough. A thermometer |32 may be provided in the return line |3|, Where it connects with the jacket |22, by which the temperature of the hot Water may be checked.

In order to obtain a close temperature control on the gelatine as it flows out onto the sheet forming wheels 3|, and to prevent congealing of the gelatine in the valves 30 and hoppers 26, jackets |33'and |34, respectively, are provided therefor. Each of the jackets |33 and |34 is connected by inlet lines to the pipe line |30, and by outlet lines to the return line |3|, as shown. The arrangement of the inlet and outlet lines for the jackets |33 and |34 is apparent in Fig. 1, and a detailed description thereof is not necessary, since, this does not form an important feature of our invention.' l

The jackets |33 and |34 may be replaced with electrical heating -units thermostatically controlled, if desired. This alternative electrical heating arrangement has been found to give a very satisfactory arrangement.

As above stated, some of the feed rolls 35 for feeding the gelatine sheets A into the capsule forming mechanismv 34 @nay be heated. In the particular embodiment 4of our invention shown in the drawings, the upper two -feed lrolls |35 of each set of feed rolls 35 (Figures 3 and 17) are flat surfaced and provided with electric heaters |36 of the cartridge or'unit type inserted therein. The terminal conductors |31 for the electrical heaters |35 are led out from a iiexible conduit |38. The conductors or leads |31 are connected through an adjustable thermostat |40 (Fig. 1) to a current supply switch |4|. The desired temperature of the gelatine sheets A fed into the capsule forming mechanism 34 may be obtained by properly setting the thermostat |40. In certain instances the use of the heated feed rolls |35 may be dispensed with.

Medicament injection system Reference may now be had particularly to Figures 1, 3, and 17 of the drawings for a description of the medicament injection or feed system. The inlet valves |42 on the cylinders |43 of the gang pump 31, are connected by separate intake lines |44 to a fitting |45 (Fig. 1) on the bottom of the supply tank 40. In order to operate the pump 31, the pistons |46 in the cylinders |43 are connected to separate crank sleeves |41 by means of connecting rods |50 and |5| pivotally connected together at |52. The lower connecting rods |5| are each pivotally connected between ears |53 extending from internally threaded blocks |54 slidable within the crank sleeves |41. The blocks |54 are adjusted by turning longitudinally fixed adjusting screws |55 which carry the blocks |54. The length of the stroke of each of the pistons |46 may be adjusted by changing the positions of the blocks |54 in the crank sleeves |41. This adjustment is made by turning the adjusting screws |55 thereby moving the blocks |54 out or in on the screws |55,

as the case may be. The right hand end (Fig. 3)

of each of the crank sleeves |41 is affixed to a cylindrical block |56 which is pivotally mounted on a shaft |51 (Fig. 17). This block |56 and the three crank sleeves |41, supported thereon are driven in unison by means of -a cam follower roller |60, carried between a pair of depending ears |61 from the underside of the center crank sleeve '|41, which hides on or follows a pump cam |62. The pump cam |62 is mounted on and driven with a cam shaft |63.

The roller |60 is held against the pump cam |62 by means of a coil spring |59 fastened between the outer end of the center crank sleeve |41 and the frame member 33 (Fig. 3).

A discharge valve |64 is provided on the outlet side of each of the pump cylinders. Each of these discharge valves |64 is connected to the small passageways 32 in the die-plate 50 through separate injection lines 4|. The lower ends of the lines 4| are shown, (broken lines) in Fig. 3 of the drawings as being attached to the rear end of the die-plate 50, while the passageways 32 are clearly shown in Fig. 5. Any suitable connection between the three lines 4| and the three passageways 82 may be used.

During the down stroke of the pistons |46 in the cylinders |43, the discharge valves |64 are closed while the medicament is drawn into the cylinders through the inlet valves |42. Conversely, on thevup stroke or lling stroke of the pistons M6, the inlet valves |32 are closed while the medicament is discharged through the valves |641 and injected into the apertures 3| in the die-plate 50 under substantial pressure. The amount of medicament injected into each hole 6| in the die-plate 50 on each stroke is 'controlled by the length of the stroke taken by the pistons |419 in the cylinders |63.

i As stated hereinbefore, it is necessary for the holes 6| in the die-plate 59 to be vented while the medicament is being injected ,thereintm Hence the vent valves 09 must be orated in timed relationship with the injection pump 31. This operation is obtained by mountinga set of cams `|65 on the shaft |93 which carries the pump cam |62. The valves 39 have valve stems |63 extending integrally therefrom which are slidably mounted in a guide block |31. The valves 3d are normally biased in the open position by means of valve springs-|10 compressedy between the top of the guide block |31 and washers 11i provided on the upper end of the valve stems |59. Cam bearing members i12 are provided on the top ends of the valve stems |93 which bear against the cams |35. 'I'he coil springs i10 also serve to hold the cam bearing members |12 against the cams.

The cams |135 are so designed and positioned on the shaft |53 relative to the pump cam itt that the valves 39 remain in the open position until the holes El in the die-plate 50 are filled with medicament. The cams |59 then close the valves 39 and maintain vthem in the closed position until the formation of the capsules has been completed. The closed position of the valves 39 is shown particularly in Fig. 8 of the drawings while the open position thereof is shown in Figure 6.

It will be understood that certain other medicament injection systems may be used.

Coordinated operation of the capsule making mechanism with the gelatine sheet feed and medicament injection system It will be seen that the capsule making mechanism 34 operates in conjunction with the gelatine sheet feeding means, and the medicament in' jection system. The sequence of the operation of the various cooperating parts will be made more apparent on reference to Fig. 3 of the drawings. The feeding rolls 35 and the discharge rolls 46 are driven intermittently, as will be particularly described hereinafter, so as to conduct the gelatine sheets A in an intermittent manner over the opposite sides of the die-plate.

50; The lower set of the feed rolls 35, designated as |13, and the discharge rolls 49 are not at surfaced, but have spaced apart integral flanges |14 and |15, respectively formed thereon, as shown in Fig. 1'7. The feed rolls 35. including both the fiat-surfaced rolls |35 and the rolls |13, and the discharge rolls 46 are all'driven together so as to feed the gelatine sheets A through the capsule forming mechanism 34 at a somewhat greater speed than these sheets are furnished by the take-olf rolls 32. Thus, the gelatine sheets A are purposely stretched or tensioned between the take-off rolls 32 and the feed rolls 35. Howgelatine sheets A aretherefore stationary over the holes or apertures 8| in the die-plate 50, the capsules are formed by the operation of the capsule forming mechanism 34 and the medicament injection system, as outlined above in connection with Figures 6 through 12 of the drawings.

Driving mechanism 4|11 by means of a chain |92 running over the drive sprocket of the speed reduction unit |11 and a sprocket on the drive shaft |0|, as shown. The vsheet forming wheels 3i and the take-o rolls 32 together with the capsule forming mechanism, the gelatine sheet feeding mecha- -f so nism, and the medicament injection system are driven from the drive shaft |8i.

In order to provide for driving the sheet forming wheels 3| and the take-off rol-ls 32 at variable speeds from the drive shaft IBS, a shaft |83 is mounted on the block to one side of the drive shaft |8|, as shown in Fig. 3, and connected in driving relationship therewith by a variable speed drive indicated generally at |09. The drive |89 is .of the type in which a change in speed is obtained by forcing a belt into and out a V-shaped pulley. Such variable speed drives are well known in the art. In the present instance, the drive |03 is regulated by varying the position of a thirdpulley |35 on a screw |86 (Fig. 2).

Referring now particularly to Figs. 13 and 14, it will be seen that a bevel gear |81 is mounted on the end of the shaft |83 which meshes with a pair of spaced apart bevel gears and I9| co-axially mounted on the inner ends of a pair of shafts |92 and |93, respectively. A pair of worm screws |94 and |95 are provided on th'e outer ends of the shafts |90 and |9| respectively. which serve to drive the sheet forming wheels 3| through a pair of spirally toothed gears |96. The gears |96 and the sheet forming `wheels 3| are mounted on shafts |91 (Fig. 2) which are each journaled in a set of bearings 200 provided at the ends thereof. (Fig. l) It will be seen that the shaft |83 drives the shafts |90 and |9| in opposite directions through the bevel gears |31, |90, and |9I, thereby driving the sheet forming wheels 3| through the worm gears |94 and |95 in opposite directions as indicated by the arrows a and b.

In order to drive the two sets of gelatine sh'eet take-off rolls 32 at the same speed as the sheet forming wheels 3|, a shaft 20| is mounted above the shaft |93 and is driven therefrom. by a chain 202 running over a pair .of sprockets provided on these shafts. A pair of bevel gears 203 are provided on the opposite ends of the shaft 20| which mesh with cooperating bevel gears 204 which are carried on the inner ends of. shafts 205 (Fig. 2) upon which the lower pair felt-covered rolls of the take-off rolls 32 are mounted. In order to drive the upper set of take-off rolls 32, a pair of gears 206 (Fig. 14) are mounted on the shafts 205 (Fig. 2) which mesh-with gears 201 mounted on a pair of shafts 2 I0 carrying the upper pair take-off rolls 32. Thus the driving relationship of the take-off rolls 32 with the sheetl forming wheels 3| is completed.

In order to provide for driving the Vcapsule making mechanism 34, the feed rolls 35. the discharge rolls 46, and the injection system. a sprocket'l 2|| (Fig. `13) is mounted uponI a shaft `2|2 driven from the drive shaft |6| through a pin clutch 2 3.

Referring to Figs. 15, 16, and 17, it will be seen that a drive sprocket 2|4. is mounted on a shaft 2|5 which may be driven from the shaft 2|2 by a chain (not shown). running over the sprockets 2|| (Fig. 13) and 2|4. A sprocket 2I6 lsmounted on the shaft 2 I5 with the sprocket 2 I4 from which the injection system and the feeding rolls 35 and discharge rolls 46 may be driven.

In front of the sprocket 2|6 a gear 2|1 is mounted on the shaft 2|5 which4 serves to drive the capsule forming mechanism 34. The gear 2 I1 serves to transmit driving movement in one div meshes with a gear 220 mounted with the xed I scribed above in connection with Fig. 3 of the drawings. The capsule forming mechanism 34 may be disconnected from driving relationship with the drive shaft 2|5 by throwing out the Yclutch 222. A handle 225 (Fig. 1) is provided on the front of the capsule making machine which is connected with the movable section ,223

ofthe clutch 222 for this purpose.

In order to drivethe injection and vent sealing system, a gear 226 is mounted on a short shaft 221, suitably journaled in the frame of the capsule making machine 20, which carries a sprocket 230 mounted thereon. The sprocket 2 30 is driven from the sprocket 2| 6 by a chain`23l running thereover, and thereby driving the gear 226 therewith. The'gear 226 meshes with a gear 232 (Fig.

' 15) which is carried on a sleeve 233 which ts and turns freely about the cam shaft |63. A fixed section 234 of a pin clutch 235 is carried on the end of the sleeve 233 which adapted to be engaged by a slidable section 236 of th'e clutch 235. The slidable section 236 is suitably keyed to the cam shaft |63.' In-orderto throw the clutch 235 into and out of driving connection, a yoke'231 tsswithin a groove 240 (Fig. 17) provided in the slidable section 236 thereof. The yoke 231 is pivotally supported from a lever 24| (Fig. 16) which is rotatably supported in a hub 242, as shown. A handle 243 is connected to the free end of the lever 2li I, in the `front of the capsule machine 20,

Yby a member 244 (Fig. 17) pivotally connected therewith. When the handle 243 is pulled outwardly from the front of the capsule making machine 26, the yoke 231 will be moved in an opposite direction and push the clutch section 236 into its engaging position with the stationary section 234. And conversely, when the handle 243 is push'ed inwardly, the yoke 231 throws the clutch section 236 out from engagement with the stationary clutch section 234, thereby allowing the sleeve 233 to rotate freely and independently about the cam shaft |63. When the pin clutch 235 is in its closed position, the cam shaft |63 is driven from the power take-off sprocket 2|4 through the gears 226 and 232 and the clutch 235, as is apparent. Th'e manner of operation of the injection pump 31, driven by the pump cam |62, and the operation of the valves 84 by the cams |65, on the rotation of the cam shaft |63 has been described above.

The feed rolls 35 and discharge rolls 46 are driven from the power take-off sprocket 2|4 as follows:

of the superimposed sets of feed rolls A face plate 245 (Fig.' 15)l is mounted on the front of the sprocket 230, which is driven from the sprocket 2|6 by the chain 23| running thereover, as stated. And, an arm 246 is carried on the face plate 245. as shown. A pitman 241 is connected at the left end to the upper end of the arm 246 and adjustably connected at the right end in a slot 250 formed in a. ratchet arm 25|. The ratchet arm 25| is connected with and operates the driving section of a ratchet 252, which rection. The ratchet `mechanism 252 is preferably of the free-wheeling type which may be easily and closely adjusted to any desired angle of throw. The inner driven part of the ratchet 252 is keyed lto a shaft 253 which also carries a relatively large gear 254.

On rotation of the arm 246 with the sprocket 230, the pitman 241 oscillates the ratchet arm 25| back and forth through an angle depending on the position ofthe pitman connection in the `slot 250 thereof. That is, the farther out the right end of the pitman 241 is connected on the ratchet arm 25|, the smaller will be the angle of oscillation or throw. And conversely, the furtherit is connected on the ratchet arm 25| towards the ratchet 252, the greater will be the angle of throw. As will be seen this action serves to drive the shaft 253 and the gear 254 carried thereon, intermittently, in one direction.

V The gear 254 meshes with a pinion gear 255v (Fig. 15) mounted on one end of ashaft 256,

which also carries another pinion gear 251 on the other end thereof. The pinion 251 meshes with and drives a gear 260 which is mounted on a shaftl 26| which carries one ofthe feed rolls |13 on the front end thereof. A gear 262 is also carried on the shaft 26| which serves to drive one |35 through a pair of gears 263 and 264.

The gear 260 meshes with and drives another like gear 265 carried o.. a shaft 266, which carries the other feed roll |13 on the front end thereof. A gear 261 is also carried n the shaft 266 which serves to drive the other superimposed set of feed rolls |35 through a pair of gears 210 and 21|.

The gear 261 also serves to drive a gear 212 mounted on a shaft 213 through a pair of idler` having these gears in the same size, the feed rolls |35 and |13, and the discharge rolls 46 are driven together at equal speeds.

It will be seen that the feed rolls 35 and discharge rolls 45 all rotate intermittently in unison as theyare operatively driven together from the ratchet mechanism 252. The amount or length of the gelatine sheets A feed at each intermittent operation of the feed rolls 35 and discharge rolls 46 may be varied by changing or adjusting the angle of oscillation of the ratchet arm 25|, as explained above.

The directions of rotation of the different elements or parts of the capsule making machine 20 are indicated in the drawings by the arrows applied thereto.

A detailed description of the frame and struc..

plate which communicates with said .aperture tureoi the capsule making machine 20, together with the manner in which thel diiferent parts thereof are mounted, in suitable bearings, etc.,-

has not been given, as these features are matters of design and do not form important parts of our invention.

In starting up the capsule making machine 20, the gelatine inthe tank 23 is rst heated to the proper temperature and then the sheet forming and feeding apparatus is brought into operation by starting the motor 'and throwing in the clutch 2I3 (Fig. 13) The capsule forming mechanism 34, and the medicament injection and vent sealing systems arepreferably not started up until after the gelatine sheets A are being properly formed and fed.

Accordingly, Vthe clutch 222 (Fig. 17) control-V ling the capsule forming mechanism 34, and the clutch 235 (Fig. 17) controlling the medicament injection and .vent sealing systems, are thrown out when the capsule making machine 20 is iirst started. After the `gelatine sheets A are being properly formed and fed, the clutch 222 is thrown in thereby starting up the capsule forming mechanism 34, and then the clutch 235 is thrown in starting up the medicament injection and vent sealing mechanisms. As will be seen the clutch 235 should not be thrown in before the clutch 222 is thrown. With all the clutches, 2I3, 222, and 235 thrown in, the capsule making machine 20 is in full operation.

Since certain changes will be apparent and may be made in the foregoing constructions and different embodiments of our invention without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended g that al1 matter and features described hereinbefore, or shown in the accompanying drawings,

shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

We claim:

l. In a machine for making capsules .of the liquid-filled soft casing type, the combination of, means providing a relatively thin aperture or opening, a passageway communicating with said opening or aperture through which capsule filling material may be injected thereinto, a pair of cooperating capsule forming and cutting members disposed on opposite sides of said opening or aperture and movably mounted for co-axial movement into and out of the same, and means for conducting sheets of capsule casing material over the opposite faces of said opening or aperture and between said capsule forming and cut. ting members.

2. In a capsule making machine of the class described, in-combination, a plate member provided with a capsule forming aperture or opening which extends therethrough, a passageway in said plate connecting with said aperture and through which capsule lling material may be conducted into said aperture, cooperating capsule forming and cutting members disposed on opposite sides of said plate and movably mounted forsubstantially co-axial movement into and out of said aperture, and means for conducting a pair of sheets of capsule casing material in intermittent manner across the opposite sides of said plate member and over said aperture and between said capsule forming and cutting members.

3. In a capsule making machine of the class described,in combination, a die plate having at least one capsule forming aperture or opening which extends therethrough from side to side, at

least one relatively small passageway in said die and through which capsule lling material may be conducted into said aperture, cooperating capsule forming and cutting members disposed sule forming and cutting members which permit said members to be moved together into abutting relationship with each other within said aperture, and means for intermittently passing 'a pairof sheets of capsule casing material across opposite sides of said die plate and over said aperture and between said opposed cutting heads.

4. In a machine for manufacturing capsules of the liquid-filled soft casing type, in combination, a relatively thin die plate provided with a plurality of spaced, capsule forming apertures or holes which extend therethrough, means for intermittently conducting a pair of sheets. of capsule casing material along opposite sides of said die 'plate and over said apertures, a pair of cooperating, oppositely arranged, capsule forming and cutting membersV associated with each of said apertures, said ymembers being movably mounted in co-axial alignment with each other and with said apertures and being provided with oppositely disposed cutting heads, said cutting heads being somewhat smaller than said apertures to permit said cutting heads to be moved into said apertures without severing said sheets of capsule casing material except where said cutting heads engage each other.

5. In a machine for manufacturing capsules of the liquid-filled soft casing type, in combination, a relatively thin die plate provided with a plurality of spaced, capsule forming apertures or holes which extend therethrough, means for intermittently conducting a pair of sheets of capsule casing material along opposite sides of said die plate and over said apertures, a pair of cooperating, oppositely arranged, capsule forming and cutting members associated with each of said apertures, said members being movably I mounted in co-axial alignment with each other and with said apertures and being provided with oppositely disposed 'cutting heads, said cutting heads being-somewhat smaller than said apertures to permit said cutting heads. to be moved into said apertures without severing said sheets of capsule casing material except where said cutting heads engage each other, and capsule ejector pins located within said capsule forming and cutting members for ejecting capsules therefrom.

6. In a machine for manufacturing capsules of the liquid-filled soft casing type,-in combination, a relatively thin die plate provided with a plurality of spaced, capsule forming apertures or holes which extend therethrough, means for intermittently conducting a pair of sheets of capsule casing material along opposite sides Yof said die plate and over said apertures, a pair of cooperating, oppositely arranged, capsule forming and cutting members associated with each of said apertures, said members being movably mounted in co-axial alignment with each other and with said apertures and being provided with oppositely disposed cutting heads, said cutting heads being somewhat smaller than said apertures topermit said cutting heads lto be moved into said apertures without severing said sheets of capsule casing material except where said cutting heads engage each other, capsule ejector pins located within said capsule forming and cutting members yfor ejecting capsules therefrom, relatively small passageways communicating with each of said apertures, means for injecting capsule lling liquid through said passageways into said apertures between vthe portion of said sheets covering the opposite sides of said apertures, and vent means for each of said apertures.

7. In a machine. for making capsules of the.

-capsule casing material, means for intermittently conducting each of said sheets along one of the opposite sides of said die plate and over said apertures, a pair of cooperating oppositely ar-` ranged capsule forming and cutting members associated with each of said apertures, said members being movably mounted on opposite sides thereof and extending substantially normally to said die plate, a cutting or shearing head provided on each of said capsule forming and cutting members, said cutting or shearing heads being somewhat smaller than said apertures so that' the cutting or shearing heads of Veach pair of said cooperating capsule forming and cutting members may be moved into said apertures without severing said sheets of capsule casing lmaterial except when said cutting heads engage each other, relatively small passageways provided in said die plate communicating with said apertures, injection means for injecting capsulerlling liquid into each of said apertures through said passageways under substantial pressure, and Venting means for each of said apertures.

8. A cyclically operable machine for making capsules of the liquid-filled soft casing type comprising, in combination; a relativelylthin die plate provided with a plurality of spaced apart aper tures or holes therethrough from side to side; means for forming two separate sheets of cap- -sule casing material;- means for intermittently conducting said sheets along opposite sides of said die plate` and over said apertures; a pair of cooperating, oppositely arranged, capsule forming and cutting members associated with each of said apertures, said members being movably mounted on opposite sides thereof and extending substantially normally to said die plate; a cutting or shearing head provided on each of said capsule forming and cutting members, said withdrawing said capsule forming and cutting members to remove said capsules.

9. -In a capsule making machine of the class described, in combination; a die plate having at least one capsule forming aperture or opening extending therethrough from side to side; said die plate being provided with at least two separate passageways which 'communicate with said aperture, one of said passageways serving as an injection inlet for the capsule fllling material, and the other of said passageways serving as an air vent opening for said aperture; cooperating capsule forming and cutting members disposed on opposite sides of said die plate in co-axial alignment .with said aperture; cutting heads provided on said capsule forming and cutting members of the general outline of the capsule to be formed; mounting means for said capsule forming and cutting members permitting said members to be moved together into abutting relationship within said aperture; operating means for said capsule forming and cutting members;

means for conducting a pair of sheets of capsule .casing material in intermittent manner across the opposite faces of said die plate, over said aperture, and between said opposite cutting heads; means for injecting capsule lling material into said aperture through said injection inlet passageway; and, means for sealing said vent opening passageway when said capsule forming and cutting members are moved together into abutting relationship within said aperture.

l10. In a capsule making machine of the class described, in combination; a die plate having at least one capsule forming aperture or opening extending therethrough from side to side; said die plate being provided with at least two sep- I arate passageways which communicate with said cutting or shearing heads being somewhat smaller than said apertures so that the cutting or shearing heads of each pair of said cooperating capsule forming and cutting members may press said sheets of capsule casing material together within said apertures before cutting the same;

' relatively small passageways provided in said die plate communicating with said apertures; injection means for injecting capsule filling liquid into each of said apertures through said passageways under substantial pressure; venting means for each of said apertures; and driving means for continuously driving saidsheet forming means while cyclically driving together said intermittent sheet conducting means, said pairs of cooperating capsule forming and cutting members, and said in to said apertures between said sheets, further aperture, one of said passageways serving as an injection inlet for the capsule lling material, and the other of said passageways serving asan air vent opening for said aperture; means for forming two separate sheets of capsule casing material; means for intermittently conducting said sheets along opposite sides of said die plate and over said aperture; a pair of cooperating, oppositely arranged, capsule forming and cutting members associated with each of said apertures; means for movably mounting said capsule form'- ing and cutting members in co-axial alignment with said aperture on opposite sides thereof; a cutting head v provided on each of said capsule forming and cutting members, said cutting heads being of the general outline. of the capsules to be formed and someWhat'smal-ler than said aperture; means for injecting capsule filling material into said aperture through said injection inlet passageway; means for sealing said vent opening passageway; and driving means for continuously driving said sheet forming means, While cyclically driving together said intermittent sheet conducting means, said cooperating capsule forming and cutting members, said capsule filling material injection means, and Asaid vent sealing means, whereby, each cycle of operation comprises, stopping said sheets over said aperture, advancing said capsule forming and cutting members suliciently close together to hold said sheets in liquid-tight relationship over said aperture, lling said aperture with capsule lling material between said sheets, sealing said vent opening passageway, further advancing said capsule forming and cutting members toward each other until said cutting heads meet and thereby form and cut out said capsules, and withdrawing said capsule forming and cutting members to remove said capsules.

11. The method of making capsules of the class described, which comprises the steps oi' holding a pair of sheets of capsule casing material over the opposite open faces of a filling aperture to form with said aperture a sealed lling space, injecting capsule lling material into said lling space, and cutting out and sealing together the portions of said sheets of. capsule casing material covering said opposite open faces of said aperture while said capsule iilling material is contained therebetween to form a capsule.

12. The method of making liquid filled, soft gelatine capsules which comprises the steps of covering the opposite open faces of a relatively thin aperture or opening with a pair of gelatine sheets, holding said sheets to form with said aperture a liquid-tight filling space, injecting medicament into said lling space under pressure, and simultaneously cutting out and sealing together the portions of said gelatine sheets covering said opposite open faces of said aperture while said liquid lling material is contained therebetween to form a capsule.

' EDWARD A. RAvENsCRoET.

GEORGE H. TAMM1. 

